Tower Records

In 1999, the music industry hit its highest-ever revenue, and Napster launched. Tower Records, the world’s most influential music retailer, was at its peak just as the ground began to shift beneath it.

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This case study is a component of the Business Success Initiative Framework, designed to help you build a strong, future-forward news and information business. Each in-depth cross-industry case study explores the challenges, successes and shortcomings businesses and organizations are facing today.

Context

For most of the twentieth century, the recorded-music industry operated on a vertically integrated, scarcity-based model. Physical formats — vinyl, cassette, compact disc — were the product, and the major labels controlled the entire value chain from artist discovery and recording through manufacturing, distribution, and retail. Founded in 1960, Tower Records became at its height the most influential and recognizable music retailer in the world.

Tower Records’ model rested on a tightly integrated bundle. Customers visited a physical store to discover music, select it, and purchase it in a format that conferred ownership and repeat play. The stores were more than points of sale, functioning also as cultural hubs for discovery, where browsing and cultural participation…

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What's Inside

  • Full stage-by-stage analysis
  • Legacy vs. redesigned model comparison
  • Considerations specific to journalism

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